Fix Bluetooth permission error with AmbientCapabilities and enhanced postinst

- Add AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_RAW CAP_NET_ADMIN to systemd service files
- Add sensorpajen user to bluetooth group in postinst
- Improve setcap error handling in postinst with clearer messaging
- Add comprehensive troubleshooting section for Bluetooth permission errors

This fixes the 'Operation not permitted' error when the service tries to
access Bluetooth hardware. The fix uses two layers of protection:
1. systemd AmbientCapabilities (modern, robust)
2. File capabilities via setcap (traditional, wider compatibility)

debian/README.md

@@ -287,16 +287,51 @@ Common issues:
 - sensors.json is empty
 - Bluetooth adapter not available
 
-### Bluetooth Capability Not Set
+### Bluetooth Permission Error: "Operation not permitted"
+
+If the service fails with `PermissionError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted`:
 
 ```bash
-# Manually set capability
+# Check current capabilities
+getcap $(readlink -f /opt/sensorpajen/venv/bin/python3)
+# Should show: cap_net_admin,cap_net_raw+eip
+```
+
+**Solution 1: Re-apply file capabilities** (Quick fix)
+
+```bash
+# Set capabilities on Python executable
 sudo setcap cap_net_raw,cap_net_admin+eip $(readlink -f /opt/sensorpajen/venv/bin/python3)
 
 # Verify
 getcap $(readlink -f /opt/sensorpajen/venv/bin/python3)
+
+# Restart service
+sudo systemctl restart sensorpajen
 ```
 
+**Solution 2: Add user to bluetooth group**
+
+```bash
+sudo usermod -aG bluetooth sensorpajen
+sudo systemctl restart sensorpajen
+```
+
+**Solution 3: Verify systemd capabilities**
+
+The service file uses `AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_RAW CAP_NET_ADMIN` as a fallback. Verify it's configured:
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl cat sensorpajen | grep -A2 Capabilities
+```
+
+**Why this happens**: File capabilities can be lost when:
+- Python is upgraded/reinstalled
+- Filesystem is mounted with `nosuid`
+- The venv is recreated
+
+The systemd service now uses both `AmbientCapabilities` (modern approach) and file capabilities (setcap) for maximum compatibility.
+
 ## Development Workflow
 
 ### Making Changes

debian/postinst

@@ -9,6 +9,12 @@ case "$1" in
             echo "Created system user: sensorpajen"
         fi
         
+        # Add sensorpajen user to bluetooth group if it exists (for BLE access)
+        if getent group bluetooth > /dev/null; then
+            usermod -aG bluetooth sensorpajen || true
+            echo "Added sensorpajen user to bluetooth group"
+        fi
+
         # Create config directory with proper permissions
         mkdir -p /etc/sensorpajen
         chown sensorpajen:sensorpajen /etc/sensorpajen
@@ -77,14 +83,20 @@ case "$1" in
         chown -R sensorpajen:sensorpajen /opt/sensorpajen
 
         # Set Bluetooth capabilities on Python executable (after ownership change)
+        # Note: The systemd service also uses AmbientCapabilities as a fallback
         PYTHON_PATH=$(readlink -f /opt/sensorpajen/venv/bin/python3)
         if command -v setcap >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-            setcap cap_net_raw,cap_net_admin+eip "$PYTHON_PATH" || {
+            if setcap cap_net_raw,cap_net_admin+eip "$PYTHON_PATH" 2>/dev/null; then
-                echo "Warning: setcap failed. You may need to run Bluetooth operations as root."
+                echo "Bluetooth capabilities set on $PYTHON_PATH"
-                echo "Try: sudo setcap cap_net_raw,cap_net_admin+eip $PYTHON_PATH"
+                getcap "$PYTHON_PATH" || true
-            }
+            else
+                echo "Warning: setcap failed. Relying on systemd AmbientCapabilities instead."
+                echo "If Bluetooth access fails, manually run:"
+                echo "  sudo setcap cap_net_raw,cap_net_admin+eip $PYTHON_PATH"
+            fi
         else
             echo "Warning: setcap not found (install libcap2-bin package)"
+            echo "Relying on systemd AmbientCapabilities for Bluetooth access"
         fi
 
         # v2 installed a unit into /etc/systemd/system/, which overrides packaged units

debian/sensorpajen.service

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ ExecStart=/opt/sensorpajen/venv/bin/python -m sensorpajen.main
 Restart=always
 RestartSec=10
 
-# Bluetooth capabilities require this to be false
+# Bluetooth capabilities
+AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_RAW CAP_NET_ADMIN
 NoNewPrivileges=false
 
 # Logging

systemd/sensorpajen.service

@@ -12,21 +12,9 @@ ExecStart=%h/sensorpajen/.venv/bin/python -m sensorpajen.main
 Restart=always
 RestartSec=10
 
-# Bluetooth capabilities (alternative to setcap)
+# Bluetooth capabilities
-# Note: This requires systemd to be run with proper permissions
+AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_RAW CAP_NET_ADMIN
-# If this doesn't work, use setcap on the Python binary instead
+NoNewPrivileges=false
-#AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_RAW CAP_NET_ADMIN
-
-# Logging
-StandardOutput=journal
-StandardError=journal
-SyslogIdentifier=sensorpajen
-
-# Security
-# Note: NoNewPrivileges=true can prevent file capabilities from working
-# We need capabilities for Bluetooth access, so we can't use it
-#NoNewPrivileges=true
-PrivateTmp=true
 
 [Install]
 WantedBy=default.target